Phase shifter with function of controlling beam side lobe

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a phase shifter, which includes a signal generator that generates a first signal and a second signal having a phase orthogonal to a phase of the first signal, and outputs the first signal and the second signal, an operator that generates a first current and a second current, and amplifies the first current and the second current, and a signal converter converting a first digital signal and a second digital signal. The operator includes an input circuit converting the first signal and the second signal, a path selection circuit determining paths of the generated first current and the generated second current, and a cascode circuit buffering the first current and the second current. The operator sums the first current and the second current, controls a vector of the first current and a vector of the second current, and generates a voltage signal through an output load.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2020-0061309, filed on May 22, 2020 in the KoreanIntellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporatedby reference herein in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

Embodiments of the present disclosure described herein relate to a phaseshifter, and more particularly, relate to a phase shifter with afunction of controlling a beam side lobe.

A conventional phase shifter using a vector sum has four stages oftransistors from a ground voltage to a power supply voltage, so it isdifficult to drive at a low voltage.

In addition, the conventional phase shifter does not have a function ofproviding an antenna weight factor to a phase array antenna.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a phase shifter thatcontrols a current by using a digital signal and controls a phase of anoutput signal through an amplification circuit including a current pathselection circuit.

In addition, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a phaseshifter capable of amplifying a current even when a low voltage isapplied through provided two-stage transistors therein.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a phase shifterincludes a signal generator that generates a first signal and a secondsignal having a phase orthogonal to a phase of the first signal, andoutputs the generated first signal and the generated second signal, anoperator that generates a first current based on the first signal,generates a second current based on the second signal, and amplifies thefirst current and the second current, and a signal converter thatconverts a first digital signal determining a magnitude of the firstcurrent into a first analog signal, and converts a second digital signaldetermining a magnitude of the second current into a second analogsignal. The operator includes an input circuit that converts the firstsignal into the first current, based on the first analog signal, andconverts the second signal into the second current, based on the secondanalog signal, a path selection circuit that determines paths of thegenerated first current and the generated second current, and a cascodecircuit that buffers the first current and the second current of whichthe paths are determined. The operator sums the first current and thesecond current, controls a vector of the first current and a vector ofthe second current, and generates a voltage signal through an outputload.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the cascodecircuit and the input circuit are connected in series with each other,and the cascode circuit receives the first current and the secondcurrent, and the output load sums the vector of the first current andthe vector of the second current in a reference voltage range togenerate the voltage signal.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the output loadfurther includes a signal controller configured to control an input andoutput gain of the summed voltage signal, based on a weight factor.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the operator hasan RLC output load including a capacitor, an inductor, and an equivalentresistor, which has a resonant frequency equal to a frequency of aninput signal of the phase shifter.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the RLC outputload and a signal controller are placed in a load of the operator or aload of an independent amplifier.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the signalcontroller includes a plurality of transistors, and is configured tocontrol the input and output gain of the summed voltage signal bycontrolling a turn on resistance, based on a switching operation of theplurality of transistors.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the signalcontroller includes a plurality of transistor switches and a pluralityof resistors, and is configured to control the input and output gain ofthe summed voltage signal, based on an equivalent magnitude of theplurality of resistors.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the signalconverter increases a magnitude value of the first current, based on thefirst digital signal and the second digital signal, decreases amagnitude value of the second current, and generates an output phasevalue based on the magnitude values of the first current and the secondcurrent.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the signalconverter decreases a magnitude value of the first current, based on thefirst digital signal and the second digital signal, increases amagnitude value of the second current, and generates an output phasevalue, based on the magnitude values of the first current and the secondcurrent.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the signalconverter provides a plurality of pairs of two transistors connected inseries, and receives a digital signal having a preset number of bits,and mirrors the first current and the second current by using theplurality of pairs of the two transistors, based on the input digitalsignal.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an operatingmethod of a phase shifter comprises generating a first signal and asecond signal, the second signal is having a phase orthogonal to thefirst signal, outputting the first signal and the second signal,converting a first digital signal determining a magnitude of a firstcurrent into a first analog signal and a second digital signaldetermining a magnitude of a second current into a second analog signal,generating the first current based on the first analog signal and thesecond current based on the second analog signal and performing anoperation for the first current based on the first signal the secondcurrent based on the second signal. The performing an operation for thefirst current and the second current includes determining paths of thefirst current and the second current, buffering the first current andthe second current for which the paths are determined, summing the firstcurrent and the second current, adjusting the sum of the first currentand the second current and generating a voltage signal based on a resultof the adjustment.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sum of thefirst current and the second current is adjusted in a reference voltagerange.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the operationmethod of the phase shifter further comprises controlling a magnitudeand a weight factor of the sum of the first current and the secondcurrent. The performing an operation for the first current and thesecond current includes determining the weight factor of the sum of thefirst current and the second current based on the paths of the firstcurrent and the second current.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the magnitude andthe weight factor of the sum of the first current and the second currentis controlled based on switching operating of a plurality oftransistors.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the controlling amagnitude and a weight factor of the sum of the first current and thesecond current comprises adjusting a magnitude of a variable resistorand controlling the magnitude of the sum of the first current and thesecond current based on the magnitude of the variable resistor.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the performing anoperation for the first current and the second current comprisescalculating a resonance frequency of capacitor or inductor in outputload and matching a frequency of the sum of the first current and thesecond current with the calculated resonance frequency.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the phase shifterincreases the magnitude of the first current, based on the first digitalsignal and the second digital signal, decreases the magnitude of thesecond current, and generates an output phase value based on themagnitude of the sum of the first current and the second current.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the phase shifterdecreases the magnitude of the first current, based on the first digitalsignal and the second digital signal, increases the magnitude of thesecond current, and generates an output phase value based on themagnitude of the sum of the first current and the second current.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the converting afirst digital signal determining a magnitude of a first current into afirst analog signal and a second digital signal determining a magnitudeof a second current into a second analog signal comprises receiving thefirst digital signal and the second digital signal having a presetnumber of bits and mirroring the first current and the second currentbased on the first digital signal and the second digital signal.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an operatingmethod of a phase shifter further comprises controlling the magnitudesof the first signal and the second signal, respectively and convertingphases of the first signal and the second signal, respectively, based onthe first current and the second current for which the paths aredetermined.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The above and other objects and features of the present disclosure willbecome apparent by describing in detail embodiments thereof withreference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a phase shifter according to an embodimentof the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a phase shifter of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating an operator illustrated in FIG.2.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a signal controllerof

FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating another configuration of a signalcontroller of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a digital-to-analog converter accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a result of a phase control during amagnitude control for an antenna weight factor according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a diagram describing how a phase shifter according to anembodiment of the present disclosure controls a phase of an outputsignal.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating how a phase shifter according to anembodiment of the present disclosure synthesizes a phase of an outputsignal.

FIG. 10 is a diagram describing a phase array transceiver including aphase shifter described in FIGS. 1 to 9.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals refer to thesame components. This specification does not describe all elements ofthe embodiments, and overlaps between general contents or embodiments inthe technical field to which the present disclosure pertains areomitted. The term “unit, module, member, or block” used in thespecification may be implemented by software or hardware, and accordingto embodiments, it is also possible that a plurality of “unit, module,member, or block” may be implemented as one component, or that one“part, module, member, or block” includes a plurality of components.

Throughout the specification, when a part is “connected” to anotherpart, this includes a case of being directly connected as well as beingconnected indirectly, and indirect connection includes connectingthrough a wireless communication network.

Also, when a part is said to “comprise” a certain component, this meansthat other components may be further included instead of excluding othercomponents unless specifically stated otherwise. Terms such as first andsecond are used to distinguish one component from other components, andthe component is not limited by the above-described terms. In each ofsteps, an identification code is used for convenience of description,and the identification code does not describe the order of each of thesteps, and each of the steps may be performed differently from thespecified order, unless a specific order is explicitly stated in thecontext.

Hereinafter, the principle and embodiments of the present disclosurewill be described with reference to accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a phase shifter 100 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 illustrates a circuitdiagram of the phase shifter 100 of FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 1, the phase shifter 100 may include a signalgenerator 110, an operator 120, and a signal converter 130. The signalgenerator 110 may generate a first signal RF_I and a second signal RF_Qhaving a phase orthogonal to a phase of the first signal RF_I. In FIG.2, the first signal RF_I and the second signal RF_Q are denoted by RF_inas an example. For example, the signal generator 110 may include aresistor (not illustrated), an inductor (not illustrated), or acapacitor (not illustrated). The signal generator 110 may generate thefirst signal RF_I and the second signal RF_Q that have a phaseorthogonal to each other by using the resistor (not illustrated), theinductor (not illustrated), or the capacitor (not illustrated).

The operator 120 includes a cascode amplifier 121 and an output load122.

The operator 120 receives the first signal RF_I and the second signalRF_Q from the signal generator 110, and generates a first currentcorresponding to the first signal RF_I and a second currentcorresponding to the second signal RF_Q. The operator 120 may determinea path of the first current and a path of the second current, and maycontrol phases of the first current and the second current. The operator120 sums the first current and the second current and generates a summedfirst current and a summed second current. The operator 120 may generatea voltage signal based on the generated summed first and secondcurrents. For example, the operator 120 may determine a phase of a sumof the first signal and the second signal by a vector sum method. Thedetailed configuration and operation of the operator 120 will bedescribed in detail with reference to FIG. 3.

The signal converter 130 may convert a digital signal having informationassociated with the first current and the second current into an analogsignal. The signal converter 130 mirrors the current to the operator120, based on the converted analog signal. The signal converter 130receives the digital signal having a preset number of bits (N-bit), andmirrors the current to the operator 120, based on the input digitalsignal. For example, the signal converter 130 may include two pairs oftransistors connected in series, and may mirror the current to theoperator 120 by using the two pairs of transistors.

FIG. 3 illustrates a circuit diagram of the operator 120 illustrated inFIG. 2.

Referring to FIG. 3, the operator 120 may include the cascode amplifier121 and the output load 122. The cascode amplifier 121 may include aninput circuit 121-1, a path selection circuit 121-2, and a cascodeamplification circuit 121-3.

The input circuit 121-1 generates the first current corresponding to thefirst signal RF_I and the second current corresponding to the secondsignal RF_Q, based on a current mirroring result of the signal converter130. For example, the input circuit 121-1 may include four transistors121-a, 121-b, 121-c, and 121-d, and may include two resistors R1 and R2.The transistors 121-a and 121-b may generate the first current inresponse to the first signal RF_I input to their gate electrodes. Inaddition, the transistors 121-c and 121-d may generate the secondcurrent in response to the second signal RF_Q input to their gateelectrodes.

The path selection circuit 121-2 may determine paths of the generatedfirst and second currents. In this case, the determined paths of thefirst and second currents become a basis for phase control of the firstand second currents. The path selection circuit 121-2 may include atransistor pair 121-2 a and a transistor pair 121-2 b that arecontrolled by a first selection signal Quad_sel_I and an inverted firstselection signal. In addition, the path selection circuit 121-2 mayinclude a transistor pair 121-2 c and a transistor pair 121-2 d that arecontrolled by a second selection signal Quad_sel_Q and an invertedsecond selection signal.

For example, each of the four transistor pairs 121-2 a, 121-2 b, 121-2c, and 121-2 d of the path selection circuit 121-2 may operate as aswitch. As the transistors constituting the four transistor pairs 121-2a, 121-2 b, 121-2 c, and 121-2 d are controlled by the first selectionsignal Quad_sel_I and the inverted first selection signal, and thesecond selection signal Quad_sel_Q and the inverted second selectionsignal, the operator 120 may control the paths of the first current andthe second current.

The cascode amplification circuit 121-3 buffers the first current andthe second current of which the paths are determined, and transfers thebuffered first current and the second current to the output load 122.For example, the cascode amplification circuit 121-3 may include a pairof transistors 121-3 a and 121-3 b of which gate electrodes areconnected to each other and which receive the first current of which thepaths are determined through their source electrodes. In addition, thecascode amplification circuit 121-3 may include a pair of transistors121-3 c and 121-3 d of which gate electrodes are connected to each otherand which receive the second current of which the paths are determinedthrough their source electrodes. As a result of the buffering, thevector sum of the first current and the second current may befacilitated.

In other words, except for the transistors constituting the pathselection circuit 121-2, the transistors 121-1 a, 121-1 b, 121-1 c, and121-1 d of the input circuit 121-1 are connected to the transistors121-3 a, 121-3 b, 121-3 c, and 121-3 d of the cascode amplificationcircuit 121-3 in two stages. As a result, since only two stages oftransistors are stacked, the operator 120 may operate even at a lowvoltage, and the isolation characteristics of the input terminal and theoutput terminal may be improved.

The output load 122 may receive and add the first current and the secondcurrent, and may generate the summed first and second currents. As aresult of the sum of the first current and the second current, the sumof a vector of the first current and a vector of the second current maybe adjusted. In this case, the sum of the vectors outputs acorresponding intermediate phase vector value by summing the magnitudesof the first and second currents having an orthogonal relationship toeach other, and the magnitude of the summed signal is uniform. Thesummed first current and second current flow through the output load togenerate an output voltage signal. The output load 122 includes aninductor 122 a, a capacitor 122 b, and a signal controller 123. Forexample, the output load 122 may match a resonant frequency of theinductor 122 a or the capacitor 122 b with a frequency of the summedfirst and second currents.

FIG. 4 illustrates a configuration of the signal controller 123 of FIG.3. The signal controller 123 a may include the plurality of transistors123-a 1 to 123-an, each of which is controlled by a control signal andconnected in parallel to one another. Since each of the transistors123-a 1 to 123-an has an ON-resistance component when each of thetransistors is turned on, the transistors 123-a 1 to 123-an areseparately controlled, thereby adjusting the equivalent resistance of anentire RLC resonance circuit. As a result, the summed first current andsecond current flows to the load, such that a magnitude of the outputvoltage signal may be controlled. That is, a final input and outputsignal gain is controlled.

FIG. 5 illustrates another configuration of the signal controller 123 ofFIG. 3. The signal controller 123 b may include a plurality of resistorsR, and switches SW that are controlled by a control signal may beconnected to both ends of each resistor. As the switches SW are turnedon or off by the control signal, and then some or all of the resistors Rare connected in parallel, a total resistance value may be adjusted. Asa result, the magnitude of the summed first and second currents may becontrolled.

FIG. 6 illustrates a digital-to-analog converter 131 a and 131 baccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The digital-to-analog converter may include bias circuits 131 a-3 and131 a-4, and a plurality of transistors 131 a-1 to 131 a-2 that receivea plurality of digital input signals to generate corresponding currents.That is, like the transistors 131 a-1 and 131 a-2, there are as manyconnected transistors as the number of digital input signals. In thiscase, as the plurality of transistors 131 a-2 are turned on/off by thedigital input signals, the bias current of the plurality of transistors131 a-1 corresponds to a current magnitude according to the digitalinput signals, which flows to a current mirror circuit below. Thetransistor 131 a-1 and the transistor 131 a-2 may be connected in seriesto each other. The source electrode of the transistor 131 a-1 and thesource electrode of the transistor 131 a-3 may be connected to eachother, and the gate electrode of the transistor 131 a-1, and the drainelectrode and the gate electrode of the transistor 131 a-3 may beconnected to one another. For example, the digital-to-analog converter131 a may receive the digital signal having the preset number of bitsthrough the gate electrode of the transistor 131 a-2. In response to thedigital signal having the preset number of bits, the digital-to-analogconverter 131 a converts a first digital signal into a first analogsignal, and converts a second digital signal into a second analogsignal. In addition, the signal converter 130 performs a currentmirroring to the operator 120, based on the first analog signal and thesecond analog signal. As a result of performing the current mirroring,the input circuit 121-1 may generate the first current and the secondcurrent.

FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a result of a phase control during amagnitude control for an antenna weight factor according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

In the graph, an x-axis represents a frequency band, and a y-axisrepresents the output magnitude. Referring to FIG. 3 together, thecascode amplifier 121 of the operator 120 buffers the first current andthe second current. In addition, the signal controller 123 of theoperator 120 controls the input and output gain by controlling theequivalent resistance value of the RLC load, and controls the antennaweight factor. The principle is that when the resonant frequency of theRLC load is the same as a center frequency of the transferred signal,the L and C disappear equivalently due to the resonance, and only theresistance value remains. Since only the resistance value changesequivalently, only the gain of the signal changes and the phase of thesignal does not change. In this gain control method, the RLC load may beused for the output load of the phase shifter or may be used for theoutput load of an amplifier designed independently. This is necessarybecause when the output phase value of the phase shifter is set to aspecific value and the gain of each cell in the phase array needs to beadjusted for the purpose of removing the side lobe of the beam, etc., amain beam may be continuously radiated in a desired direction only whenthe phase value of each cell that has already been set does not change.

FIG. 8 illustrates how the phase shifter 100 according to an embodimentof the present disclosure controls a phase of an output signal.

Referring to FIG. 8, an x-axis of the graph represents a magnitude I ofa final signal due to the first current, and a y-axis represents amagnitude Q of a final signal due to the second current. By summing themagnitude I and the magnitude Q of the two final signals, the finalsignal has an arbitrary phase value.

In detail, as the operator 120 sums the magnitude I and the magnitude Qof the two final signals in the process of controlling the magnitudes ofthe first current and the second current, the final signal has anarbitrary phase value, and to further increase a phase resolution evenwith the input of the same N-bit digital-analog converter, the followingmethod may be used. For example, in a signal in which the sum of thefirst current signal and the second current signal is 64, to increasethe resolution, the operator 120 may allow the magnitude values 32 and32 of the first current and the second current to be changed to thefinal magnitude values 31 and 33 through the intermediate values 32 and33. That is, the phase shifter 100 of the present disclosure maygenerate the intermediate values in the process of adjusting the vectorsum. With a code sweep control described above, the operator 120 maygenerate an intermediate phase value, and may increase the resolutionwithout increasing the number of bits of a phase control code value ofthe digital-analog converter.

FIG. 9 illustrates how the phase shifter 100 according to an embodimentof the present disclosure synthesizes a phase of an output signal.Although a method of synthesizing the phase of the output signal by thephase shifter 100 in FIG. 9 is illustrated in steps, this is for ease ofdescription. That is, it should be understood that the phase shifter 100of the present disclosure operates organically to generate the outputsignal corresponding to a set value in response to the input signalunder a predetermined setting. Hereinafter, reference will be made toFIG. 3 together to aid in understanding the description.

The signal generator 110 generates the first signal and the secondsignal (S1001). In this case, the first signal and the second signal aresignals having a phase orthogonal to each other. Also, the first signaland the second signal may be radio frequency (RF) voltage signals, butare not limited thereto. Further, the first signal includes firstcurrent information, and the second signal includes second currentinformation.

When the first signal and the second signal are generated, the signalconverter 130 converts the input digital signal into the analog signal,based on a preset number of bits “N-bit” (S1002). For example, thesignal converter 130 converts the first digital signal into the firstanalog signal and converts the second digital signal into the secondanalog signal.

When the input digital signal is converted into the analog signal, thesignal converter 130 generates the first current and the second currentby performing the current mirroring to the operator 120, based on thefirst and second current signals (S1003). The current mirroring may beperformed by the plurality of transistors 132 a, 132 b, 132 c, and 132 dof the signal converter 130. In detail, the plurality of transistors 132a, 132 b, 132 c, and 132 d are connected in the cascode structure, andthe signal converter 130 may perform the current mirroring depending ona symmetry of the circuit. As described above, the first current isgenerated based on the first signal RF_I, and the second current isgenerated based on the second signal RF_Q. Specifically, the firstsignal RF_I and the second signal RF_Q may be converted into the currentsignal by the input circuit 121-1.

When the first current and the second current are generated, the pathselection circuit 121-2 selects a path of the first current and a pathof the second current (S1004). For example, the path selection circuit121-2 may select the paths of the first current and the second current,based on the switching operations of the transistors, and as a result ofthe path selections, the operator 120 may determine the phases of thefirst and second currents. Also, the transistors provided in the pathselection circuit 121-2 are controlled by the digital signals, and areprovided such that a phase range of the final output signal of theoperator 120 is selected to be one of the quadrants of 360 degrees. Inthis case, the digital signal may be the first selection signalQuad_sel_I for determining the path of the first current and the secondselection signal Quad_sel_Q for determining the path of the secondcurrent.

When the paths of the first and second currents are determined, thecascode amplification circuit 121-3 buffers the first and secondcurrents (S1005). When the first and second currents are buffered, themagnitudes of the currents of I and Q mirrored under the control of thesignal converter 130 are changed, and the phase of the final summedsignal changes based on the relative magnitudes of the currents of I andQ.

The signal controller 123 includes a plurality of transistors or aplurality of resistors, and controls an equivalent resistance value ofthe RLC load. The principle is that when the equivalent resistance valueof the RLC load is controlled and the resonant frequency of the RLC loadis the same as the center frequency of the transferred signal, the L andC disappear equivalently due to the resonance, and only the resistancevalue remains. As only the resistance value changes equivalently, onlythe gain of the signal changes and the phase of the signal does notchange. In this gain control method, the RLC load may be used for theoutput load of the phase shifter or may be used for the output load ofan amplifier designed independently.

The output load 122 sums the first current and the second current, andgenerates the final signal having the final phase value, by changing thesignal to a voltage (S1006). In this case, the final signal refers to asignal having the intermediate phase vector depending on the relativemagnitudes of the first current and the second current.

FIG. 10 illustrates a phase array transceiver including the phaseshifter 100 described in FIGS. 1 to 9. A phase array transceiver 200includes an antenna array 210 including two-dimensionally arrangedantennas. The phase array transceiver 200 forms the beam based on energyradiated from each of the antennas. The phase array transceiver 200 maytransmit or receive a wireless RF signal so as to overlap the formedbeam. For example, the phase array transceiver 200 may be a radarapparatus.

The beam formed by the phase array transceiver 200 may include one mainlobe ML and side lobes SL1 to SL4. The main lobe ML may be defined as alobe in a direction in which the most energy is radiated in a beamformed by the phase array transceiver 200. The side lobes SL1 to SL4 maybe defined as lobes in a direction in which energy is radiated in thedirection other than the main lobe ML. The side lobes SL1 to SL4 areformed based on less energy than the main lobe ML. The phase arraytransceiver 200 controls energy radiated from the antenna array 210 toform the main lobe ML in a reception direction of the RF signal.However, in the process of generating the main lobe ML by radiatingenergy through a plurality of antennas, the plurality of side lobes SL1to SL4 may be generated in a direction other than the direction in whichthe main lobe ML is formed.

The phase array transceiver 200 may control a size and a phase ofsignals for the plurality of antennas to form a beam for transmittingand receiving the RF signal. The phase array transceiver 200 may controleach of the antennas to adjust the direction and the magnitude of thebeam. The phase array transceiver 200 allows energy provided to theplurality of side lobes SL1 to SL4 to be minimize by using the phaseshifter 100 described in FIGS. 1 to 9. To this end, phase shifterscorresponding to each of the antennas may be included in the phase arraytransceiver 200.

For example, when a specific antenna has the greatest influence on theformation of the first side lobe SL1, the phase shifter 100corresponding to the specific antenna may control the magnitude of thebeam to be low. As described above, in the phase shifter 100, under thecontrol of the signal converter 130, the cascode amplifier 121 maybuffer and transfer the current to the output load 122, and the outputload 122 may minimize a phase change according to the magnitude control.That is, since the phase array transceiver 200 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure controls a size of the phaseshifter 100 corresponding to each of the antennas and suppresses thephase change according to the size control, the transmission andreception of RF signals by the side lobes SL1 to SL4 may be minimized.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a phase shiftermay operate at a relatively low voltage, based on a vector sum circuitmethod using active elements.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, thephase shifter may obtain a high phase resolution.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, thephase shifter may minimize a phase change value according to gaincontrol for array antenna weight control by controlling the equivalentresistance of the RLC output load, based on the output gain control bythe output load control.

While the present disclosure has been described with reference toembodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill inthe art that various changes and modifications may be made theretowithout departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure asset forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A phase shifter comprising: a signal generatorconfigured to generate a first signal and a second signal having a phaseorthogonal to a phase of the first signal, and to output the generatedfirst signal and the generated second signal; an operator configured togenerate a first current based on the first signal, to generate a secondcurrent based on the second signal, and to amplify the first current andthe second current; and a signal converter configured to convert a firstdigital signal determining a magnitude of the first current into a firstanalog signal, and to convert a second digital signal determining amagnitude of the second current into a second analog signal, wherein theoperator includes: an input circuit configured to convert the firstsignal into the first current, based on the first analog signal, and toconvert the second signal into the second current, based on the secondanalog signal; a path selection circuit configured to determine paths ofthe generated first current and the generated second current; and acascode circuit configured to buffer the first current and the secondcurrent of which the paths are determined, and wherein the operator sumsthe first current and the second current, controls a vector of the firstcurrent and a vector of the second current, and generates a voltagesignal through an output load.
 2. The phase shifter of claim 1, whereinthe cascode circuit and the input circuit are connected in series witheach other, and the cascode circuit receives the first current and thesecond current, and wherein the output load sums the vector of the firstcurrent and the vector of the second current in a reference voltagerange to generate the voltage signal.
 3. The phase shifter of claim 2,wherein the output load further includes a signal controller configuredto control an input and output gain of the summed voltage signal, basedon a weight factor.
 4. The phase shifter of claim 1, wherein theoperator has an RLC output load including a capacitor, an inductor, andan equivalent resistor, which has a resonant frequency equal to afrequency of an input signal of the phase shifter.
 5. The phase shifterof claim 4, wherein the RLC output load and a signal controller areplaced in a load of the operator or a load of an independent amplifier.6. The phase shifter of claim 3, wherein the signal controller includesa plurality of transistors, and is configured to control the input andoutput gain of the summed voltage signal by controlling a turn onresistance, based on a switching operation of the plurality oftransistors.
 7. The phase shifter of claim 3, wherein the signalcontroller includes a plurality of transistor switches and a pluralityof resistors, and is configured to control the input and output gain ofthe summed voltage signal, based on an equivalent magnitude of theplurality of resistors.
 8. The phase shifter of claim 1, wherein thesignal converter increases a magnitude value of the first current, basedon the first digital signal and the second digital signal, decreases amagnitude value of the second current, and generates an output phasevalue based on the magnitude values of the first current and the secondcurrent.
 9. The phase shifter of claim 1, wherein the signal converterdecreases a magnitude value of the first current, based on the firstdigital signal and the second digital signal, increases a magnitudevalue of the second current, and generates an output phase value, basedon the magnitude values of the first current and the second current. 10.The phase shifter of claim 1, wherein the signal converter provides aplurality of pairs of two transistors connected in series, and receivesa digital signal having a preset number of bits, and mirrors the firstcurrent and the second current by using the plurality of pairs of thetwo transistors, based on the input digital signal.
 11. An operatingmethod of a phase shifter comprising: generating a first signal and asecond signal, the second signal is having a phase orthogonal to thefirst signal; outputting the first signal and the second signal;converting a first digital signal determining a magnitude of a firstcurrent into a first analog signal and a second digital signaldetermining a magnitude of a second current into a second analog signal;generating the first current based on the first analog signal and thesecond current based on the second analog signal; and performing anoperation for the first current based on the first signal the secondcurrent based on the second signal, wherein the performing an operationfor the first current and the second current includes: determining pathsof the first current and the second current; buffering the first currentand the second current for which the paths are determined; summing thefirst current and the second current; adjusting the sum of the firstcurrent and the second current; and generating a voltage signal based ona result of the adjustment.
 12. The operation method of the phaseshifter of claim 11, the sum of the first current and the second currentis adjusted in a reference voltage range.
 13. The operation method ofthe phase shifter of claim 12, further comprising controlling amagnitude and a weight factor of the sum of the first current and thesecond current, wherein the performing an operation for the firstcurrent and the second current includes determining the weight factor ofthe sum of the first current and the second current based on the pathsof the first current and the second current.
 14. The operation method ofthe phase shifter of claim 13, the magnitude and the weight factor ofthe sum of the first current and the second current is controlled basedon switching operating of a plurality of transistors.
 15. The operationmethod of the phase shifter of claim 13, wherein the controlling amagnitude and a weight factor of the sum of the first current and thesecond current comprising: adjusting a magnitude of a variable resistor;and controlling the magnitude of the sum of the first current and thesecond current based on the magnitude of the variable resistor.
 16. Theoperation method of the phase shifter of claim 11, wherein theperforming an operation for the first current and the second currentcomprising: calculating a resonance frequency of capacitor or inductorin output load; and matching a frequency of the sum of the first currentand the second current with the calculated resonance frequency.
 17. Theoperation method of the phase shifter of claim 11, the phase shifterincreases the magnitude of the first current, based on the first digitalsignal and the second digital signal, decreases the magnitude of thesecond current, and generates an output phase value based on themagnitude of the sum of the first current and the second current. 18.The operation method of the phase shifter of claim 11, the phase shifterdecreases the magnitude of the first current, based on the first digitalsignal and the second digital signal, increases the magnitude of thesecond current, and generates an output phase value based on themagnitude of the sum of the first current and the second current. 19.The operation method of the phase shifter of claim 11, wherein theconverting a first digital signal determining a magnitude of a firstcurrent into a first analog signal and a second digital signaldetermining a magnitude of a second current into a second analog signalcomprising: receiving the first digital signal and the second digitalsignal having a preset number of bits; and mirroring the first currentand the second current based on the first digital signal and the seconddigital signal.
 20. The operation method of the phase shifter of claim11, further comprising: controlling the magnitudes of the first signaland the second signal, respectively; and converting phases of the firstsignal and the second signal, respectively, based on the first currentand the second current for which the paths are determined.